Institute of Molecular Biology SAS has been established in 1976 as one of followers of the Biological Institute (founded itself in 1957). In the year 2000 Institute of Microbiology has merged in. The research activities at the Institute comprise basic and applied research in the fields of molecular biology and microbiology. Currently the scientific interest is focused on clarification of structural, functional and evolutionary properties of proteins, issues of gene regulation, differentiation and division of bacterial cells; research of bacteriophages and investigation of relations between microorganisms and their environment.

Research at the Institute of Molecular Biology is performed within scientific departments and laboratories working on numerous grant projects. The Institute cooperates with other SAS institutions, universities as well as with foreign partners. The Institute of Molecular Biology is an external educational institution for the PhD study in study fields of Molecular biology and Microbiology.